Earthquake Music

This webpage contains earthquake "sounds" created from seismic recordings all around the world. They provide a unique way for us to listen to the vibration of the Earth that is otherwise inaudible to us, and to decipher the complicated earthquake physics and triggering processes.

Note: The material developed in this website is partially supported by the National Science Foundation's CAREER program EAR-0956051 .

I have been working closely with David Simpson, the IRIS president, and Debi Kilb, a researcher at UCSD on this topic. If you would like to use these sound tracks, I would appreciate if you could put proper acklowledgement and cite the following publication: Kilb, D., Z. Peng, D. Simpson, A. Michael and M. Fisher* (2012), Listen, watch, learn: SeisSound video products, Seismol. Res. Lett., 83(2), 281-286, doi: 10.1785/gssrl.83.2.281.

Part I: Sonification of Early Aftershock Sequences

• Early aftershocks of the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake
• Early aftershocks of a M4.8 earthquake in Japan on 2003/11/30
• Early aftershocks of the Mw6.8 Mid Niigata earthquake in Japan on 2004/10/23
• Early aftershocks of the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China on 2008/05/12
• Mainshock and early aftershock recording of the 2011/02/21 Mw6.3 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand

  Part II: Sonification of Remotely Triggered Earthquakes and Non-Volcanic Tremor

• Non-volcanic tremor in central California triggered by the 2002 Mw7.8 Denali Fault Earthquake
• Non-volcanic tremor in central California triggered by the 2004 Mw9.2 Sumatra Earthquake
• Earthquakes and tremor in central California triggered by the 2010 Mw8.8 Chile Earthquake

  Part III: Sonification of Other Seismic Sources

• Drumbeat earthquake swarms during the 2004 Mt. St. Helen Eruption
• Ambient non-volcanic tremor near Cholame California
• Three nuclear explosions by North Korea
• Seismic signals of the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact
• Infrasound signals of the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact
• Comparisons among the 2013/02/12 nuclear test, an 2013/02/13 M5.1 earthquake, and the 2013/02/15 Meteor impact

  Part IV: Matlab Code to Convert Seismic Data in SAC Format to .wav or .mov Format

• Conversion from .SAC to .WAV Format
• Conversion from .SAC to .MOV Format

  Part V: Related Links

• SeisSound, the Audio/Video Seismic Waveform Visualization (IRIS Data Product)
• Earthquake Sound of the 2011 Mw9.0 Japan earthquake (by Zhigang Peng)
• Listening to Earthquakes (USGS)
• Earthquake Quartet (by Andy Michael at USGS)
• CISN: Sounds of the Parkfield earthquake
• The sound of seismic (by John Louie)
• The Earth as Musical Instrument (by Frank Scherbaum)

Early aftershocks of the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake

• The 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake and its aftershock sequences are recorded by many near-field instruments on scale. The following plot shows the vertical component seismogram recorded by one of the SAFOD Pilehole instrument. The top panel shows the raw data. The middle panel is the spectrogram, which shows the mainshock and numerious aftershocks in the first 1000 s immediately after the mainshock. The bottom panel is 40 Hz high-pass-filtered envelope function. The blue lines correspond to events listed in the NCSN catalog, while the red lines represent events identified by a waveform matched filter technique (Peng and Zhao, Nature Geosci., in review, 2009). By directly listening to the sound track below, you could also hear clearly the mainshock and distinct early aftershock signals.
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• pkfpilot_16x_10.wav sped up 16x, amplitude divided by 10, will clip (created by Andy Michael and Bill Ellsworth, downloaded from the following website: 09/28/2004 - Sounds of the Parkfield earthquake
• Detection_Plot1.mov Animations of newly detected aftershocks in the first hour after the 2004 Mw6.0 Parkfield earthquake (Peng and Zhao, Nature Geosci., 2009).

Early aftershocks of an M4.8 earthquake in Japan on 2003/11/30

• The following example is generated by an M4.8 earthquake in Japan on 2003/11/30. The seismogram is recorded by a nearby borehole station MYJH, which belongs to the Japanese Hi-Net , one of the best seismic network in the world. Similar to the Parkfield example, it also show many early aftershocks that were not reported in the standard earthquake catalog. Identifying those missing early aftershocks provide a new way to understand aftershock generation and the underlying physics of earthquake interaction ( Peng et al., GRL, 2006; Peng et al., JGR, 2007 ).
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• 031130_MYJH_Z.wav Earthquake sound of an M4.8 earthquake sequence in Japan on 2003/11/30

Early aftershocks of the Mw6.8 Mid Niigata earthquake in Japan on 2004/10/23

• The following example is generated by the Mw6.8 Mid Niigata earthquake in Japan on 2004/10/23 . The seismogram is recorded by a nearby borehole station NGOH, which belongs to the Japanese Hi-Net , one of the best seismic network in the world. Similar to the Parkfield example, it also show many early aftershocks that were not reported in the standard earthquake catalog. Early aftershocks of this event has been studied in detail by Bogdan Enescu at NIED, Japan ( Enescu et al., JGR, 2007 ).
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• N.NGOH.Z.sac.wav Earthquake sound of the M6.8 Mid Niigata earthquake sequence in Japan on 2004/10/23

Early aftershocks of the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China on 2008/05/12

• On 2008/05/12, the disastrous Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured ~250 km along the Longmenshan thrust belt along the Longmenshan thrust belt that bounds the Tibetan plateau and the Sichuan basin [Burchfiel et al., GSA, 2008; Xu et al., Geology, 2009]. This earthquake and its subsequent aftershocks were recorded continuously by many permanent and temporary broadband seismometers in Sichuan and elsewhere in the world. The following example is generated by the seismogram recorded at a nearby station CB.CD2. The mainshock signal is clipped, but most of the early aftershock signals are not. Many of them were not listed in the standard earthquake catalog. I will be working with scientists at China Earthquake Administration (CEA) to detect and locate these missing early aftershocks, and use them to better understand the physics of aftershock triggering.
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• CB.CD2.BHZ.SAC.wav Earthquake sound of the Mw7.9 Wenzhuan earthquake sequence in China on 2008/05/12

Mainshock and early aftershock recording of the 2011/02/21 Mw6.3 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand

• Below is the image and sound of the seismic recording at station HVSC (more than 1.5 g vertical acceleration) for the 2011/02/21 Mw6.3 New Zealand earthquake. This vertical seismogram is recorded by strong motion sensors only about 1 km distance from the epicenter. From the sound below, you can hear not only the mainshock like a train running towards you, but also many small pops that are early aftershocks immediately afterward. The data can be downloaded from the Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data website .
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• NZHVSC_Z.wav earthquake sound of the 2011/02/21 Mw6.3 New Zealand earthquake (speed up 20 times, amplitude slightly clipped)

Non-volcanic tremor in central California triggered by the 2002 Mw7.8 Denali Fault Earthquake

• Recent studies by our group and others have found that non-volcanic tremor along the San Andreas fault system in California can be triggered instantenously during the surface waves of large teleseismic events (Gomberg et al., Science, 2008; Peng et al., GRL, 2008; Peng et al., JGR, 2009 ). These newly identified triggered activity not only helps to quantify the triggering mechanisms and necessary conditions for tremor generation, but also improves our understanding of the fundamental processes at the bottom of active faults.
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• Earthquake sound of the triggered tremor. The quality of BK.PKD.HHT.SAC.vel.wav is not great, mainly due to the short duration by time compression. In comparison, the quality of BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC.wav is nearly perfect. The rattle-snake like sounds represent the tremor triggered along the San Andreas fault in central California.
• BK.PKD.HHT.SAC.vel.wav (Seismic signals recorded by the broadband station BK.PKD)
• Denali_BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC.wav (Seismic signals recorded by the short-period borehole station BP.GHIB)

Non-volcanic tremor in central California triggered by the 2004 Mw9.2 Sumatra Earthquake

• The following example shows non-volcanic tremor in central California triggered by the 2004 Mw9.2 Sumatra earthquake ( Ghosh et al., JGR, 2009 ). The triggered tremor lasted for more than 2 hours, starting during the teleseismic P waves. The following figure shows the stacked spectrogram of 19 borehole HRSN channels with high signal-to-noise ratio (Taken from Figure 6 of the Ghosh et al., 2009 paper). Surface wave-triggered tremor energy is observed after ~3000s. Tremor triggered by the body waves is seen at around 1700s, when energy extends up to 15 Hz and beyond, similar to the tremor triggered by the surface waves. Note that energy up to 15 Hz and beyond can only be seen during tremors and local/regional earthquakes. The spike of strong energy at ~11000 s is an ordinary [local] earthquake. (Of course, you could also describe the sound as thunder [distance eq], followed by the rain [triggered tremor], and finally a gun shot [local earthquake]).
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• Sumatra_BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC.wav (sped up 200x, amplitude normalized by 1.2*max amp)

Earthquakes and tremor in central California triggered by the 2010 Mw8.8 Chile earthquake

• The following example shows triggered earthquakes in the Coso geothermal area and non-volcanic tremor near the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas fault triggered by the 2010 Mw8.8 Chile earthquake ( Peng et al., GRL, 2010 ). Several microearthquakes near the Coso geothermal field were triggered during the wavetrains from the Chilean mainshock, with the largest earthquake (M=3.4) occurred during the large-amplitude Love waves. The Chilean mainshock also triggered numerous tremor near the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas fault. The locally triggered tremor during the Love waves are masked by the regional seismic signals from the Coso region, and could only be identified after a high-pass-filter. In this audio, you can hear the P wave of the Chile mainshock as low-pitch thunder, triggered earthquakes in the Coso region as distinct gunshots, and triggered tremor around the San Andreas fault as rattle snakes. The image is generated from the instrument-corrected broadband stations PKD, while the sounds are converted from the HRSN station VCAB.
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Drumbeat earthquake swarms during the 2004 Mt. St. Helen Eruption

• The seismogram shown below is recored near Mt. St Helens during the volcanic eruption in 2004. The earthquakes occurred during this episode occurred so regularly that they are often called "the drumbeat earthquakes". It was suggested that those nearly periodic shallow events are generated by stick-slip extrusion of a solid dacite plug forced by magma below ( Iverson et al. Nature, 2006).
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• Msh21BHZ_x300_0.5to15_new.wav (generated by Debi Kilb)

Ambient non-volcanic tremor near Cholame California

• The seismograms shown below correspond to an ambient non-volcanic tremor on 2007/05/08 near Cholame, California (per. comm. Robert Nadeau). The tremor started at -500 s, and continuously ratted for about 1000 s. The sound below is generated from the station GHIB, which belongs to the High-Resolution Seismic Network (HRSN) operated by UC Berkeley. Distinct rapid-fire events could be identified within the tremor, which may correspond to individual low-frequency earthquakes that is recently observed in this region ( Shelly, Nature, 2010 ).
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Three nuclear explosions by North Korea

• The following sound/video shows increasing amplitudes of seismic waves for three nuclear explosions in North Korea recorded at station MDJ in China. The seismic data is distributed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology's Data Management Center (IRIS DMC, IC network ).
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• North_Korea_Nuke_comparison.mov (2 MB)

Seismic signals of the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact

• The following sound/video shows seismic signals associated with the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact and recorded at station II.ARU about 230 km away. The seismic data is distributed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology's Data Management Center (IRIS DMC, II/GSN network ).
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• 20130215_Meteor_Explosion.mov (3 MB)
• The following static image shows seismic waves recorded at up to 2000 km from the the Russia meteor explosion. The seismic waves are likely induced by the atmospheric shock waves, and are traveled at a speed of about 3-3.5 km/s, similar to the surface waves generated by earthquakes.
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Infrasound signals of the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact

• The following sound shows infrasound signals associated with the 2013/02/15 Russian Meteor Impact and recorded at station TA.Y52A about 9600 km away in Lilburn, Georgia. The sound took about 10 hours to travel from Russia to Georgia. The seismic data is distributed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology's Data Management Center (IRIS DMC, TA/USArray network ).
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• 20130215_Meteor_Explosion_Infrasound.mov (6.3 MB)
• The following static image shows infrasound waves recorded at up to 10000 km in Georgia and Florida from the the Russia meteor explosion. The infrasound waves are likely induced by the atmospheric shock waves, and are traveled at a velocity close to the sound speed.
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Comparisons among the 2013/02/12 nuclear test, an 2013/02/13 M5.1 earthquake, and the 2013/02/15 Meteor impact

• The following animation shows a comparison among the 2013/02/12 North Korea nuclear explosion, an M5.1 earthquake in Nevada on 2013/02/13, and the meteor impact on 2013/02/15 recorded at seismic stations a few hundred kilometers away. The initial sound of the nuclear explosion is much stronger, likely due to efficient generation of compressional wave (P wave) for an explosive source. In comparison, the earthquake generated stronger shear waves that arrived later than the P wave. Finally, the seismic signal from the meteor impact is relatively small, even after being amplified by 10 times. This is likely caused by the poor coupling between the atmosphere and solid earth. The seismic data is is recorded at station IC.MDJ, BK.SAO and II.ARU, respectively, and is freely distributed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology's Data Management Center ( IRIS DMC ).
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• Comparison_Nuclear_EQ_Meteor.mov (2.8 MB)
• The following animation shows a comparison between the 2013/02/12 North Korea nuclear explosion, and an M5.1 earthquake in Nevada on 2013/02/13. The initial sound of the nuclear explosion is much stronger, likely due to efficient generation of compressional wave (P wave) for an explosive source. In comparison, the earthquake generated stronger shear waves that arrived later than the P wave. The seismic data is is recorded at station IC.MDJ and BK.SAO respectively, and is freely distributed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology's Data Management Center ( IRIS DMC ).
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• Comparison_Nuclear_EQ_Meteor.mov (2.1 MB)

Conversion from .SAC to .WAV Format

• Below is a sample matlab script that can be used to convert the seismic data in SAC format to .WAV format. This simple matlab script requires the fget_sac.m subroutine, which is in the MatSAC package . For more information about how to use the fget_sac.m, please visit my SAC tutorial .
• Matlab code sac2wav.m .
• Example input SAC file BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC , the vertical component seismogram generated by the 2002 Mw7.8 Denali Fault earthquake, and recorded at the borehole station GHIB around the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault in Central California (e.g., Peng et al. (GRL, 2008), Peng et al. (JGR, 2009)).
• Example output .WAV file BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC.wav .
• Default parameters: sacfile = 'BP.GHIB.DP1.SAC'; speed_factor = 500; scale = 1.2; t1 = 0; t2 = 2000.

Conversion from .SAC to .MOV Format

• We have developed simple tools that allow us to create animations (i.e., images plus sounds) based on seismograms. The basic idea is described in the following simple diagram:
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• See below for an animation generated for the tremor around Parkfield triggered by the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake.
• PKD_Denali_Triggered_Tremor_update.mov (10 MB)
• All related matlab codes and examples can be found at the following website: Electronic Supplement to Kilb et al. (SRL, 2012)